Renzo Piano, the 1998 Pritzker Prize winner, is perhaps best known for his controversial design of the Centre Georges Pompidou, located in the heart of Paris and completed in 1978. Conceived in collaboration with English architect, Richard Rogers and described by Piano as “a joyful urban machine … a creature that might have come from a Jules Verne book,” Beaubourg, as it is called, has become a cultural icon, expressive of Piano’s love of technology.
Born in Genoa in 1937, Piano comes from a family of builders. Following his graduation from Milan Polytechnic Architecture School in 1964, he worked in his father’s construction company and later was associated with the offices of Louis Kahn in Philadelphia and Z.S. Mackowsky in London. He formed Renzo Piano Building Workshop in 1980, which now has offices in Paris, Genoa and Berlin.
Piano is a prolific architect whose wide-ranging repertoire includes a housing complex on the rue de Meaux, Paris (1988-91); the world’s largest air terminal, built on a man-made island in Osaka Bay in Japan (1988-94); the conversion of a 1920s Fiat manufacturing plant in Turin into a multifaceted center for technology and trade fairs (1985-93); and the San Nicola Soccer Stadium in Bari, Italy (1987-90), site of the 1990 World Soccer Championships.
https://www.pritzkerprize.com/biography-renzo-piano
We can safely assume that he has been a charmer all his life, in a beguiling Italian manner. Now an octogenarian, architect Renzo Piano is affable and accessible, always willing to talk and listen (he’s fluent in English, French and Italian) and emanating a quiet contentment.
Like his peers, Piano dislikes the journalistic cliche « starchitect, » but with projects like the Shard in London, Kansai Airport in Japan, the New York Times Building in Manhattan and, perhaps most famously, the Centre Pompidou in Paris under his belt, that’s effectively what he is. And this month, London’s Royal Academy of Arts is paying tribute to his impressive legacy with a retrospective, « Renzo Piano: The Art of Making Buildings. »
Since Renzo Piano Building Workshop completed The Shard in 2012,
the multi-use tower has become a London icon.
Credit: Courtesy William Matthews/RPBW
Set to open a day after Piano’s 81st birthday, the exhibition centers around an « island » with almost 100 models of his buildings, on a scale of one to 1,000; a life’s work spread out in miniature.
Piano « knows what he wants, » says Kate Goodwin, the show’s curator and the Royal Academy’s head of architecture. But, unlike some of his contemporaries, he consciously avoids a signature style. You can invariably recognize a building by Frank Gehry or Daniel Libeskind, but with Piano, it is infinitely less obvious. He regards style as inhibiting. Instead, he aims for coherence, intelligence and a consistency of approach — what he refers to as « fil rouge, » a French expression meaning « common thread. »
Lunch with Renzo
Piano’s main office has been in Paris since the early ’70s, when he and British architect Richard Rogersdesigned the seminal Centre Pompidou. But I meet him in Genoa, northwest Italy, where he was born into a family of builders in 1937, and where he opened his first practice.
The Renzo Piano Building Workshop is situated on a series of stepped terraces on a verdant hillside, overlooking the sea. In bright morning sunshine, families swim and play in the crystalline sea and along the black beach as we ascend 330 feet or so in a glass cable car. It’s the only way to get up to the workshop, unless you want to climb some 400 steps.
The Whitney Museum of American Art in New York, which opened in 2015,
is one of many museums Piano has designed.
Credit: Courtesy Nic Lehoux/RPBW
Piano’s father originally acquired the land but never got around to building on it. All the family did with it was harvest its abundant basil to make the regional specialty, pesto. Piano eventually bought the plot from his elder brother and started to build. He moved his workshop there in 1992. It’s now also home to his personal archive and Foundation.
For our interview, I follow him down steep steps to an office meeting room. He moves a little gingerly, still recovering from a knee operation. Tall and slim, with a neat white-gray beard and discreet glasses, Piano is dressed casually in a blue linen shirt and white trousers. He looks like he’s just stepped off his yacht. (In fact, a few days later, he will sail down to Sardinia with family and friends.) He settles into a chair and happily starts talking about his « very funny profession. »
The Jérôme Seydoux Pathé Foundation in Paris,
completed in 2014,demonstrate’s Piano’s career-long obsession with light and glass.
Credit: Courtesy Michel Denancé/RPBW
Much of what he says, he has said before. But he still speaks eloquently, almost poetically. « You have to start from somewhere. Architecture is about building, about understanding, about using your hands, » he explains.
For Piano, it’s about engineering and technology, « a sense of lightness, » defying gravity. It’s « a mix — ethics, beauty, poetry. » It’s both art and science, both simple and highly complex.
‘There’s always a moment’
In the workshop, the atmosphere seems studious and relaxed, almost academic. The space is light, airy and open-plan. This could be a small seaside university campus and Piano, a genial visiting professor.
He has a team of 10 partners and 25 associates. Shunji Ishida, who is 73 and a workshop fellow, has been with him for 47 years. Piano says that they know each other so well that words are virtually redundant.
Piano’s desk is a large, rectangular wooden table at one end of the office. Computers are « necessary and seductive » for the work — and have been so since Kansai Airport, which was built between 1991 and 94 — but there isn’t one on his desk.
« I don’t work a computer myself, » he explains. « I like to simplify. »
The design for the Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre in Noumea, New Caledonia
was inspired by the houses of th territory’s indigenous chiefs.
Credit: Courtesy Sergio Grazia/ADCK/Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre/RPBW
When in Genoa — as he does everywhere — he sketches his ideas with a green felt-tip pen.
Sketches of his current projects hang from metal clamps on a wall by his desk, often on A4 paper. Piano constantly refines, adding and extracting. The sketches travel with him wherever he goes, wherever an idea might pop into his head. For big projects, he has been known to make sketches 20 feet wide.
The Royal Academy will focus on 16 projects, including Pompidou, the Shard, the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York and the extraordinary Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre in Noumea, capital of New Caledonia, a French territory in the Pacific. Piano and his wife, Milly, visited the cluster of islands on their honeymoon.
« You don’t start a job without spending time at the place, » he says.
This is a cardinal rule for Piano. Visiting Entebbe, Uganda, where his team is currently building a children’s hospital, the architect and his colleagues were struck by the beauty of the local red clay. Someone brought a bag of it back to the office. They compressed the clay, added cement and a few chemicals. This compound can now be found in the hospital’s walls.
« There is always a moment, » Piano reflects, « always a moment. » He’d been moved by the plight of refugees flooding over the border into Uganda from South Sudan. « I didn’t cry, » he says, « (but) yes, you are touched. You have to be touched. How else can you have passion in the building? »
When I ask Piano about winning the competition to design the Centre Pompidou in 1971, he is instantly animated by the memory. Piano was then 33; Richard Rogers, 37. I say that photos of him from the time, big-bearded and dark-haired, make him look like he’s just come off the barricades. He laughs.
« We were wild, young bad boys back then, » he says.
Richard Rogers (left) and Renzo Piano pose in front of the Pompidou Center in 2017.
Credit: MARTIN BUREAU/AFP/AFP/Getty Images
In 1971, Piano & Rogers was a studio of just five people. The two collaborators, both teachers at London’s Architectural Association, only worked on their Pompidou submission for a month. Piano remembers the exact number of entries that the competition received: 681. He also clearly remembers receiving the phone call in Genoa, telling him they’d won. He was so stunned that he didn’t quite believe it, asking the man to repeat what he’d said. Piano then promptly rang Rogers in London, telling him to sit down before imparting the news.
« The Beauborg is a ship, a flying vessel, » he says, referring to the complex by its local name. With his Paris office nearby, Piano remains a regular visitor to its exhibitions.
Another early building to feature in the Royal Academy show is the Menil Art Museum (1987) in Houston, Texas. Ishida says it was the first project for which they made a full-scale model of a section of a building — a gallery space measuring 20 feet by 40. The use of full-scale mock-ups has been a workshop practice ever since.
Eying the future
Piano believes that architecture is a very important job. « You are not just a builder, you are also a civic person, so you make a shelter for human beings and human communities, » he said in a 2017 interview with the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art. « And this becomes even more interesting, because then you make buildings that are for people to stay together and to share values, which is the beginning of maybe making a better world. »
« The problem with Renzo is he doesn’t stop, » remarks his personal assistant, Francesca Bianchi. « Sometimes I think he’s bionic. » As proof of this spirit, after a bridge in Genoa collapsed two months after our interview, killing 43, Piano, who was in town during the tragedy, offered to help design a new bridge and has already shown some of his ideas to local officials.
Piano evidently intends to continue till he drops. Bianchi says he has told her, « When I rest, it will be eternal. »
Piano’s courthouse in Paris’ Batignolles neighbourhood opened in April 2018.
Credit: ALAIN JOCARD/AFP/AFP/Getty Images
On the day of our visit, Bianchi sits nearby, keeping a close, protective eye on Piano, making sure the other journalists and I don’t wear him out with our questions.
The day of our visit, Piano seems a little tired, but he is charming all the same. The names of old friends regularly crop up in conversation: the late composer Pierre Boulez, pianist Daniel Barenboim, architects Richard Meier and Frank Gehry. He still speaks to Richard Rogers — « my brother » — on the phone every two or three days. The film director Joel Coen and his wife, actress Frances McDormand, will visit the workshop a few days after we leave.
Just before we break for lunch, I ask Piano: Does he take afternoon naps, like 89-year-old Gehry does? He replies with an amused shake of the head. He is sorry to disappoint.
He smiles again. « I never stop, » he says, matter-of-factly. « No reason to stop. I would feel guilty about doing nothing. I can’t do anything else. This is the only thing I know. »
« Renzo Piano: The Art of Making Buildings » is on at the Royal Academy of Arts in London from Sept. 15, 2018 to Jan. 20, 2019.
Written by Nick Glass, CNNGenoa, Italy
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